{"id":9280,"date":"2022-02-10T10:02:08","date_gmt":"2022-02-10T10:02:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/?page_id=9280"},"modified":"2022-02-16T12:56:29","modified_gmt":"2022-02-16T12:56:29","slug":"3-life-cycle-inventory-and-analysis","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/?page_id=9280","title":{"rendered":"3.Life Cycle Inventory and Analysis"},"content":{"rendered":"

Introduction<\/strong><\/p>\n

A life-cycle inventory is a process of quantifying energy and raw material requirements,\u00a0atmospheric emissions, waterborne emissions,\u00a0solid wastes, and other releases for the entire life cycle of a product, process, or activity. An inventory analysis produces a list containing the quantities of pollutants released to the environment (after treatment or control) and the amount of energy and material consumed. The results can be segregated by life-cycle stage, media (air, water, and land), specific processes, or any combination thereof [1].<\/p>\n

\u201cLCI\u201d quantifies the total environmental loads generated within life cycle stages defined in the goal and scope definition. The procedure to collect inventory data starts on the basis of the data requirement for each life cycle stage, especially which type of data is needed for the stage: foreground or background data.<\/p>\n

A product’s life cycle starts when raw materials are extracted from the earth, followed by manufacturing, transport and use, and ends with waste management including recycling and final disposal. At every stage of the life cycle there are emissions and consumption of resources. The environmental impacts from the entire life cycle of products and services need to be addressed. To do this, life cycle thinking is required [2].<\/p>\n

\"1\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Scope and Goal<\/strong><\/p>\n

The main goal of the analysis has been to explore environmental impact of the most common measures for tunnel followed by bridge. With concrete and steel being the main construction materials, the environmental impact is expected to be relatively high. In difficult ground conditions, the support system is also in need of frequent maintenance works. The material consumption related to maintenance has been included here, so that the final\u00a0output represent the total environmental burden over its designed lifespan.<\/p>\n

Life Cycle Time Span<\/strong><\/p>\n

This function will take as inputs the following:<\/p>\n