{"id":51,"date":"2017-01-10T12:33:05","date_gmt":"2017-01-10T12:33:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/?page_id=51"},"modified":"2021-01-25T10:10:34","modified_gmt":"2021-01-25T10:10:34","slug":"getting-started-with-ontologies","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/?page_id=51","title":{"rendered":"Combine Ontologies"},"content":{"rendered":"<p align=\"center\"><a href=\"mailto:studentsupport@civilsystems.tu-berlin.de\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Liberation Serif', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">studentsupport@civilsystems.tu-berlin.de<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">The entire tutorial is available in pdf format, here: &lt;&lt;to add&gt;&gt;<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"en-US\">\/\/<\/span><span lang=\"en-US\">to add a short motivational intro about merging and aligning ontologies<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Combining ontologies in Prot\u00e9g\u00e9<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p>In order to combine ontologies in Protege, follow the next steps.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Open Prot\u00e9g\u00e9<\/li>\n<li>Go to <b>File \u2192 Open<\/b> (or press CTRL + O) and select the first ontology you want to open<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/open.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-69 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/open.png\" alt=\"open\" width=\"826\" height=\"618\" srcset=\"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/open.png 826w, http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/open-300x224.png 300w, http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/open-520x389.png 520w, http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/open-740x554.png 740w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 826px) 100vw, 826px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00a0The ontology\u00a0will appear as open on the drop down bar under the main menu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/DropDownMenu.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-71 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/DropDownMenu.png\" alt=\"dropdownmenu\" width=\"826\" height=\"618\" srcset=\"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/DropDownMenu.png 826w, http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/DropDownMenu-300x224.png 300w, http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/DropDownMenu-520x389.png 520w, http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/DropDownMenu-740x554.png 740w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 826px) 100vw, 826px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Go again to <b>File \u2192 Open<\/b> (or press <em>CTRL + O<\/em>). On the dialog window which apper on the screen select yes. This means that the ontology will be open in the current session of the Prot\u00e9g\u00e9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/04-OpenQuestion.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-72\" src=\"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/04-OpenQuestion.png\" alt=\"04-openquestion\" width=\"429\" height=\"123\" srcset=\"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/04-OpenQuestion.png 429w, http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/04-OpenQuestion-300x86.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 429px) 100vw, 429px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Select the next ontology you want to open.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">In the drop down bar under the main menu you will have two ontologies loaded.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/6-twoOnto.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-73\" src=\"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/6-twoOnto.png\" alt=\"6-twoonto\" width=\"826\" height=\"618\" srcset=\"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/6-twoOnto.png 826w, http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/6-twoOnto-300x224.png 300w, http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/6-twoOnto-520x389.png 520w, http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/6-twoOnto-740x554.png 740w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 826px) 100vw, 826px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Repeat the previous steps until you finish to open the ontologies you want to combine<\/li>\n<li>Once the ontologies are open, we are ready to combine\/merge.Go to <b>Refactor \u2192 Merge ontologies&#8230;<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/8-Refactor-Merge.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-74\" src=\"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/8-Refactor-Merge.png\" alt=\"8-refactor-merge\" width=\"826\" height=\"618\" srcset=\"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/8-Refactor-Merge.png 826w, http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/8-Refactor-Merge-300x224.png 300w, http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/8-Refactor-Merge-520x389.png 520w, http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/8-Refactor-Merge-740x554.png 740w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 826px) 100vw, 826px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Prot\u00e9g\u00e9 offers a wizard to guide you step by step when merging ontologies. The first window of the wizard allows you to select the ontologies you want to merge together. Keep the <em>CTRL<\/em> key pressed and click on the ontologies you want to Join and click Continue button.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/9-Merge-Selection.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-76\" src=\"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/9-Merge-Selection.png\" alt=\"9-merge-selection\" width=\"729\" height=\"349\" srcset=\"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/9-Merge-Selection.png 729w, http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/9-Merge-Selection-300x144.png 300w, http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/9-Merge-Selection-520x249.png 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 729px) 100vw, 729px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Next view of the wizard allows you to select either you want to create a new ontology or to update an existing one. Select <i>Merge into new ontology<\/i> and click Continue button.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/10-mergeOption.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-77\" src=\"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/10-mergeOption.png\" alt=\"10-mergeoption\" width=\"729\" height=\"349\" srcset=\"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/10-mergeOption.png 729w, http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/10-mergeOption-300x144.png 300w, http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/10-mergeOption-520x249.png 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 729px) 100vw, 729px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Next view of the wizard allows you to define the IRI of the new ontology. Define the IRI and click Continue button.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/11-Merge-OntoIRI.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-78\" src=\"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/11-Merge-OntoIRI.png\" alt=\"11-merge-ontoiri\" width=\"729\" height=\"418\" srcset=\"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/11-Merge-OntoIRI.png 729w, http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/11-Merge-OntoIRI-300x172.png 300w, http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/11-Merge-OntoIRI-520x298.png 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 729px) 100vw, 729px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">On the next view of the wizard, select the location on your computer where you want to save the ontology and click Continue button.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/12-Merge-Save.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-79\" src=\"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/12-Merge-Save.png\" alt=\"12-merge-save\" width=\"729\" height=\"418\" srcset=\"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/12-Merge-Save.png 729w, http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/12-Merge-Save-300x172.png 300w, http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/12-Merge-Save-520x298.png 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 729px) 100vw, 729px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">On the next view select OWL\/XLM Syntax and click Finish button.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/13-merge-Syntax.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-80\" src=\"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/13-merge-Syntax.png\" alt=\"13-merge-syntax\" width=\"729\" height=\"344\" srcset=\"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/13-merge-Syntax.png 729w, http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/13-merge-Syntax-300x142.png 300w, http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/13-merge-Syntax-520x245.png 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 729px) 100vw, 729px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Align the combined ontology in Prot\u00e9g\u00e9<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">The alignment of the ontologies on Prot\u00e9g\u00e9 is a manual process which aim at the identification of the correspondences existing between the entities of two or more ontologies. To do this, the axioms we learned during the first assignment can be applied.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Re-organize the combined ontology in Prot\u00e9g\u00e9<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Each ontologies was created following the reasoning line of its creator. This means that if two knowledge engineers are asked to independently represent theirs knowledge of the same domain, the ontologies created will not be identical as structure. Two knowledge engineers working together on creating an ontology must organize and re-organize their lines of reasoning in order to be able to take into account each others thoughts.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Extend the combined ontology in Prot\u00e9g\u00e9<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Having two or more ontologies combined together, but without any overlap does not help too much. It is like having three strangers put together in an escape room without allowing any interaction. They will work individually by using theirs personal knowledge. But by allowing interaction they will make connections and will create an extended body of knowledge, ending up working as a team. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Extend the combined ontology by adding the missing pieces represented by classes, properties and data properties. Connect the individual ontologies in a such as way that you will have an interconnected system.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>studentsupport@civilsystems.tu-berlin.de The entire tutorial is available in pdf format, here: &lt;&lt;to add&gt;&gt; \/\/to add a short motivational intro about merging and aligning ontologies Combining ontologies in Prot\u00e9g\u00e9 In order to combine ontologies in Protege, follow<a class=\"read-more\" href=\"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/?page_id=51\">Continue reading<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":2,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-51","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/51","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=51"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/51\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":83,"href":"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/51\/revisions\/83"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=51"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}