{"id":4501,"date":"2021-02-18T21:32:22","date_gmt":"2021-02-18T21:32:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/?page_id=4501"},"modified":"2021-02-23T04:45:32","modified_gmt":"2021-02-23T04:45:32","slug":"student-residence-building-parametric-model","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/?page_id=4501","title":{"rendered":"Student Residence Building: Parametric Model"},"content":{"rendered":"

Introduction<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Global warming and its impacts have increased the need for the reduction of energy demand in buildings. Just in Europe the building sector accounts to 40% of Europe\u2019s energy and CO2<\/sub> emissions, while globally it is responsible for 39% of the carbon emissions with 28% accounting to operations and 11% to embodied emissions from building materials and construction processes.[1] Considering this, the goal to reduce energy consumption and CO2<\/sub> emissions have been targeted by the European Commission, this being translated into regulations and policies that impose energy efficiency requirements for new and retrofitted buildings.[2]\u00a0With this in mind, the design parameters to vary in the building parametric model were defined in order to find a balance within them to reach the best design alternative reaching a good performance of the building.<\/p>\n

The chosen civil system to parametric model is a Residence Building and the main goal of the development this parametric model for this typology of building is to support energy efficiency and to fulfill the need of the increasing demand of student accommodation.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Design Parameters<\/strong><\/h4>\n

The whole design\u00a0was influenced by the main purpose of the building, that is providing housing to students. Therefore, the main parameters influencing the building physical embodiment are the Student Room En-suite dimensions (Width and Length). Considering a layout with common areas on the core of the building with the student rooms on the building\u2019s perimeter, the number of rooms per floor will influence on the building form and vice versa.<\/p>\n

The selected parameters to control\u00a0the parametric model are the following:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Student Room En-suite Width (WR<\/sub>)<\/li>\n
  2. Student Room En-suite Length (LR<\/sub>)<\/li>\n
  3. Floor Height (H)<\/li>\n
  4. Student Residence Building Width (WB<\/sub>)<\/li>\n
  5. Student Residence Building Length (LB<\/sub>)<\/li>\n
  6. Window Area (Aw<\/sub>)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Design Parameters and High-performance Criteria Relation<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    The concept of building aspect ratio has been employed as an indicator to define the behavior of forms regarding the climate. One concept is expressed as volume to surface ratio (V\/S), which has been defined as Compactness <\/em>(C)<\/strong>.\u00a0 The surface area of a building includes wall surfaces, roof surface and ground surface. Since heat losses are proportional to the surface area of the envelope, by having a more compact form, the less heat loss will be. In a context like European countries, a higher C (compactness) will lead to a lower heating load requirement per year. [3]<\/p>\n

    Although windows provide a lot of benefits offering occupant comfort by passive heating, daylight and views, excessive window area causes increased heating loads thanks to heat-losses, glare, and increased cooling loads during summer months. Therefore, window-to-wall ratio (WWR) is an important parameter to consider for high-performance building design. Based on studies, the optimal WWR<\/strong> for European countries like Germany relies on around 30%-45%[4], which is the goal percentage range for this model.<\/p>\n

    A third HPC was set in order to identify how the building design fulfills its purpose, which is offering student housing to a sufficient number of students. Therefore, a number of en suite-rooms per floor NR <\/strong>will identify how many students per floor will the different design alternatives offer housing to.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    High-performance Criteria Calculations<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    Knowing and having the previous parametric design parameters, it was possible to calculate the predefined high-performance criteria: Compactness C<\/strong> and number of en suite-rooms per floor NR <\/strong>and Window-to-Wall Ratio WWR.<\/strong><\/p>\n