{"id":24676,"date":"2026-02-01T20:54:45","date_gmt":"2026-02-01T20:54:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/?page_id=24676"},"modified":"2026-02-09T19:13:19","modified_gmt":"2026-02-09T19:13:19","slug":"ontology","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/?page_id=24676","title":{"rendered":"Ontology"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:30px\">Introduction:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:15px\">A perpetual pavement is a high-performance, multi-layered asphalt structure designed for a service life of&nbsp;&gt;= 50 years. It uses a &#8220;bottom-up&#8221; design philosophy where fatigue and rutting are prevented in the base layers, limiting wear only to the surface.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:15px\"><strong>Purpose:<\/strong><br>The project aims to represent the composition and logic of long-life pavement to support valid design variants, consistency checking, and parametric thickness\/material analysis in digital twin environments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:15px\"><strong>Scope:<\/strong><br>The scope is fixed around the physical and functional aspects of the HMA (Hot Mix Asphalt) layers, Surface, Intermediate\/Binder, and Fatigue-Resistant Bottom, as well as the supporting foundation (Subbase and Subgrade).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:15px\"><strong>Intended Users &amp; Intended Use:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:15px\">Users:&nbsp;Pavement engineers, transportation researchers, and digital-twin design teams.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:15px\">Use:&nbsp;Knowledge representation and reasoning to ensure structural completeness and support &#8220;what-if&#8221; material changes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-41.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"527\" height=\"462\" src=\"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-41.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-24677\" style=\"width:363px;height:auto\" srcset=\"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-41.png 527w, http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-41-300x263.png 300w, http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-41-520x456.png 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 527px) 100vw, 527px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><strong>Figure01: <\/strong>Perpetual pavement built up of layered stack and surface-renewal concept<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:30px\">Class Hierarchy:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:15px\">The hierarchy follows a physical decomposition modeled after the engineering stack. Key classes include&nbsp;PerpetualPavementSystem,&nbsp;PavementLayer,&nbsp;Material,&nbsp;Function, and&nbsp;DesignProperty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-42.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"498\" height=\"612\" src=\"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-42.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-24678\" style=\"width:347px;height:auto\" srcset=\"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-42.png 498w, http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-42-244x300.png 244w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 498px) 100vw, 498px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><strong>Figure 02:<\/strong> Class Hierarchy<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:30px\">Ontograf:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:15px\">The Ontograf visualization displays the network of relationships, such as how specific layers &#8220;restOn&#8221; others and how materials like&nbsp;AsphaltMix&nbsp;are linked to specific functional roles like&nbsp;RuttingControl.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-43.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"908\" height=\"557\" src=\"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-43.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-24679\" style=\"width:525px;height:auto\" srcset=\"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-43.png 908w, http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-43-300x184.png 300w, http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-43-768x471.png 768w, http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-43-520x319.png 520w, http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-43-740x454.png 740w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 908px) 100vw, 908px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><strong>Figure 03:<\/strong> Visual Ontology Network<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:30px\">Engineering Example:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol style=\"list-style-type:upper-alpha\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:15px\">Maintenance Planning:&nbsp;Identifying surface layers that require periodic renewal.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:15px\">Material Optimization:&nbsp;Using restrictions to ensure only&nbsp;AsphaltMix&nbsp;is used for heavy-traffic surface layers.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:15px\">Lifecycle Evaluation:&nbsp;Comparing design options based on the&nbsp;hasServiceLife_years&nbsp;data property.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:30px\">References:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:15px\">1.Pavement Interactive. \u201cPerpetual Pavements\u201d. https:\/\/pavementinteractive.org\/reference-desk\/design\/structural-design\/perpetual-pavements\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:15px\">2.Kr\u00f6tzsch, Simanc\u00edk, Horrocks. \u201cA Description Logic Primer.\u201d (formal semantics; inference\/reasoning in DL\/OWL).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:15px\">3.Noy &amp; McGuinness. \u201cOntology Development 101: A Guide to Creating Your First Ontology.\u201d (iterative process; <em>no single correct ontology<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:15px\">4.Pahl &amp; Beitz. Engineering Design: A Systematic Approach, Ch. 6. (function-structure \u2192 subfunctions; flows).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/?page_id=24681\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"24681\">Parametric Model<\/a> ><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction: A perpetual pavement is a high-performance, multi-layered asphalt structure designed for a service life of&nbsp;&gt;= 50 years. It uses a &#8220;bottom-up&#8221; design philosophy where fatigue and rutting are prevented in the base layers, limiting<a class=\"read-more\" href=\"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/?page_id=24676\">Continue reading<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":300,"featured_media":0,"parent":24674,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-24676","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/24676","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/300"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=24676"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/24676\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":28774,"href":"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/24676\/revisions\/28774"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/24674"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=24676"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}