{"id":21562,"date":"2025-02-08T13:01:33","date_gmt":"2025-02-08T13:01:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/?page_id=21562"},"modified":"2025-02-10T14:15:33","modified_gmt":"2025-02-10T14:15:33","slug":"21562-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/?page_id=21562","title":{"rendered":"Office Building"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>1. Ontological Modeling\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_21593\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-21593\" style=\"width: 1028px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/ontograph.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-21593\" src=\"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/ontograph.jpg\" alt=\"Fig: Onto-Graf model of RCC building \" width=\"1028\" height=\"642\" srcset=\"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/ontograph.jpg 1028w, http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/ontograph-300x187.jpg 300w, http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/ontograph-1024x640.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/ontograph-520x325.jpg 520w, http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/ontograph-740x462.jpg 740w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1028px) 100vw, 1028px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-21593\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Fig: Onto-Graf model of RCC building<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">This\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">paper<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">presents<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">\u00a0an ontology for\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">the\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">structural\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">elements<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">\u00a0of a\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">single<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">-story RCC building,\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">considering<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">load-<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">carrying<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited_long__JuNNx\">\u00a0capacity, seismic resistance, and material optimization.\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">The<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">top-down hierarchical structure<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">of\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited_long__JuNNx\">the ontology decomposes the building system into beams, columns, foundations, and roofs<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">and<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">defines\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited_long__JuNNx\">their properties, relationships, and constraints. The\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">resulting\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">model\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">therefore\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">enables engineers to\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">query structural elements<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">\u00a0in an effective way<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">,\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">consider<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">various\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">design\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">alternatives<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited_long__JuNNx\">, and optimize construction performance.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Following established ontology development guidelines, the system\u00a0<span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">follows<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited_long__JuNNx\">\u00a0clear classification, logical axioms, and parametric instantiation to enhance usability. The\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">main<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">categories<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">in<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">the<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">ontology<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">will<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">be divided into<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited_long__JuNNx\">:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Building Domain (Superstructure, Substructure)<\/li>\n<li>Material Properties (Concrete, Steel, Masonry)<\/li>\n<li>Structural Properties (Dimensions, Load Capacity, Reinforcement Ratio)<\/li>\n<li>Building Design Options (Alternative structural configurations)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited_long__JuNNx\">The\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">most<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">significant<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">engineering challenges\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">identified\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">in\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">the report related to\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">RCC building design<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">involve<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited_long__JuNNx\">\u00a0load transfer efficiency, seismic performance, and material selection. It\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">probes<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">into\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">how the ontology can\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">help<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">in\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited_long__JuNNx\">design evaluation, decision-making, and engineering simulations by defining relationships such as &#8220;transfersLoadTo&#8221; and &#8220;supports&#8221; for\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">load\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">path analysis<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Clarity of the Chosen Domain<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Primary load-bearing elements: Beams, columns, foundations, and roofs.<\/li>\n<li>Material attributes: Concrete grade, steel reinforcement, and load capacities.<\/li>\n<li>Load transfer relationships: Defining how forces move through the structure.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">As<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">the<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">model<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">will focus only\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">on structural components,\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">it<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">will<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">skip<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">\u00a0architectural and non-structural\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">components live HVAC, MEPs. H<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">ence<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">it<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">will be more clear\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">and\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">to<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">\u00a0the\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">point.\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">Ontology\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">targets<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">structural engineers<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">and\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">civil engineers<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">to<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">help<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">them<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">better design and\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">decide<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Well-Defined Engineering Challenge<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>Load Optimization:\u00a0Ensuring efficient material use while maintaining structural stability.<\/li>\n<li>Seismic Resistance:\u00a0Strengthening load-bearing components to absorb and dissipate earthquake forces.<\/li>\n<li>Material Selection:\u00a0Choosing cost-effective yet high-performance materials for long-term durability.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3><strong>Environmental Interfaces<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>Foundation-Soil Interaction:\u00a0 Ensures soil conditions can support the building&#8217;s weight.<\/li>\n<li>Load Transfer Mechanism:\u00a0Defines how forces move from the roof \u2192 beams \u2192 columns \u2192 foundation.<\/li>\n<li>Seismic Forces:\u00a0Identifies weak points in structural elements during earthquakes.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3><strong>Parametrization of the Chosen System<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>The ontology assigns practical data properties based on engineering standards <strong>(Eurocode 2, IS 456:2000)<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Beam<\/strong>: Length = 4.5m, Width = 0.225m, Load Capacity = 100kN<\/li>\n<li><strong>Column<\/strong>: Height = 3.2m, Reinforcement Ratio = 2.5%<\/li>\n<li><strong>Roof<\/strong>: Thickness = 150mm, Load Capacity = 5 KN\/m\u00b2<\/li>\n<li><strong>Foundation<\/strong>: Depth = 3m, Type = Isolated<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Clarity of Engineering Examples<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>Beam Design Optimization \u2013\u00a0Engineers query beam properties to determine the most efficient reinforcement and load-bearing capacity.<\/li>\n<li>Column Reinforcement Analysis \u2013 Helps verify whether column dimensions and reinforcement ratios are adequate for vertical loads.<\/li>\n<li>Seismic Resistance Evaluation \u2013 Identifies weak points in load transfer paths and suggests reinforcements to improve earthquake resilience.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3><strong>Conclusion &amp; Future Research<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited_long__JuNNx\">The study concludes that ontology-based structural modeling significantly improves design efficiency, material optimization, and seismic resilience. Future research should focus on<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">\u00a0the following aspects<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">:<\/span><\/li>\n<li>\u00a0<span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">Expansion<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">of\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited_long__JuNNx\">the ontology to multi-story RCC buildings for larger-scale applications.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">Integration<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">of\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited_long__JuNNx\">the model with BIM software for enhanced 3D visualization and real-time simulations.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">Standardization<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">of\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">environmental input parameters\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">for<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">better<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited_long__JuNNx\"><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited_long__JuNNx\">\u00a0adaptability to different geographic and seismic conditions.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Full Report of Ontological Modeling:\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Ontological-Modeling-of-1-Story-RCC-Building.pdf\">Ontological Modeling_KrishnaGiri_0508046<\/a><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><\/h1>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>2. Parametric Modeling<\/strong><\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_21594\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-21594\" style=\"width: 700px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/para.png2-e1739019158606.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-21594\" src=\"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/para.png2-e1739019158606.jpg\" alt=\"Fig: Parametric Model of RCC Residential Building in Dynamo\" width=\"700\" height=\"533\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-21594\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Fig: Parametric Model of RCC Residential Building in Dynamo<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3><strong>Summary<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">This\u00a0study applies parametric modeling\u00a0in\u00a0structural stability and material efficiency\u00a0optimization\u00a0for\u00a0multi-story RCC residential buildings.\u00a0The model dynamically\u00a0changes\u00a0wall thickness, column spacing, and slab depth\u00a0by using Dynamo BIM in Revit 2025\u00a0to\u00a0study\u00a0the\u00a0trade-off\u00a0between material use and seismic performance. The design\u00a0is\u00a0according to\u00a0Eurocode 8 for earthquake resilience\u00a0so\u00a0that\u00a0it is suitable\u00a0for urban housing. Three design alternatives\u00a0have\u00a0been\u00a0analyzed to identify the best structural and cost-effective solutions.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Design Challenge<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The main challenge is <strong>balancing load-bearing capacity<\/strong>\u00a0and<strong> material optimization<\/strong> in a constrained urban environment. The model<span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">should<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">be<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">earthquake\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">resistant<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">, maintain\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">its\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">spatial flexibility,\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">reduce<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">construction costs<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">,<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">and<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">also<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">comply<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">with the\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited_long__JuNNx\">seismic regulations.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>High-Performance Criteria &amp; Parameters<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Structural Stability<\/strong> (Displacement Control, Stress Distribution)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Material Efficiency<\/strong> (Material Volume, Cost Optimization)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Key Parameters<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>Wall Thickness (0.2m \u2013 0.4m)<\/li>\n<li>Column Spacing (3m \u2013 5m)<\/li>\n<li>Slab Depth (0.15m \u2013 0.25m)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Parametric Model Logic<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The model generates column grids, walls, and slabs using predefined parameter ranges. Adjustable elements allow exploration of multiple configurations, optimizing material use and seismic resistance. The flexibility ensures future modifications for functional changes or structural expansions.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Design Space, Extremes &amp; Limits<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Minimal Configuration<\/strong>: Thin walls, wider column spacing \u2192 Cost-efficient but structurally weaker.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Maximum Configuration<\/strong>: Thick walls, closer columns \u2192 High stability but costly.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Limits<\/strong>: Seismic safety (Eurocode 8), material constraints, and urban space limitations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Identified Good Alternatives<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Material-Efficient (Alternative 1)<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>2 stories, 200mm walls, 5m column spacing, 150mm slabs<\/li>\n<li>Best for low-seismic regions (Berlin, Hannover).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Balanced Approach (Alternative 2)<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>3 stories, 250mm walls, 4m column spacing, 200mm slabs<\/li>\n<li>Optimal for moderate seismic zones (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Maximum Stability (Alternative 3)<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>4 stories, 300mm walls, 3.5m column spacing, 250mm slabs<\/li>\n<li>Ideal for high-seismic regions (Rhineland).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3><strong>Conclusions<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Alternative 1: Sustainable &amp; cost-effective for stable regions.<\/li>\n<li>Alternative 2: Best balance of cost, stability &amp; flexibility.<\/li>\n<li>Alternative 3: Maximizes safety, suitable for seismic-prone areas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Full Report of Ontological Modeling:\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Parametric-modeling-of-a-residential-building.report.pdf\">Parametric Modeling_Krishna Giri_0508046<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a title=\"1. Introduction\" href=\"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/?page_id=19989\">Introduction<\/a>|<a title=\"2. Individual Systems\" href=\"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/?page_id=19991\">Individual Systems<\/a>|<a href=\"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/?page_id=20247\">Integration Context<\/a>|<a title=\"4. Combined Ontology\" href=\"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/?page_id=20249\">Combined Ontology<\/a>|<a title=\"5. Combined Parametric Model\" href=\"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/?page_id=20251\">Combined Parametric Model<\/a>|<a title=\"6. Conclusion\" href=\"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/?page_id=20253\">Conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. Ontological Modeling\u00a0 Abstract This\u00a0paper\u00a0presents\u00a0an ontology for\u00a0the\u00a0structural\u00a0elements\u00a0of a\u00a0single-story RCC building,\u00a0considering\u00a0load-carrying\u00a0capacity, seismic resistance, and material optimization.\u00a0The\u00a0top-down hierarchical structure\u00a0of\u00a0the ontology decomposes the building system into beams, columns, foundations, and roofs\u00a0and\u00a0defines\u00a0their properties, relationships, and constraints. The\u00a0resulting\u00a0model\u00a0therefore\u00a0enables engineers to\u00a0query<a class=\"read-more\" href=\"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/?page_id=21562\">Continue reading<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":231,"featured_media":0,"parent":19991,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","template":"page-templates\/page_fullwidth.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-21562","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/21562","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/231"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=21562"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/21562\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":22893,"href":"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/21562\/revisions\/22893"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/19991"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/141.23.68.248\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=21562"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}