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<\/a><\/p>\nFigure 1:\u00a0Steel skyscraper<\/em><\/p>\n The main purpose of this skyscraper ontology is to able the designer start and be able to choose from a range of different options and be able to make the best decision regarding design process. With this ontology the designer can compare and decide on which materials, structures, uses and functions to use and be able to compare them with each other to achieve the most sufficient results to efficiently save energy of cooling and heating in the skyscraper.<\/p>\n We propose initiating ontology development by outlining its domain and scope. This involves addressing fundamental queries:<\/p>\n \u2022 What specific field or area will the ontology encompass?<\/p>\n \u2022 What purpose will the ontology serve?<\/p>\n \u2022 What kinds of inquiries should the ontology’s information be able to address?<\/p>\n \u2022 Who will be responsible for utilizing and managing the ontology?<\/p>\n Trying to answer the above question I formed the classes. I placed myself as a designer and decided to define the domain of my ontology. My main focus was on design options and the main material of the skyscraper that would make the skyscraper an energy efficient for cooling and heating.<\/p>\n The ontology’s intended audience primarily comprises architects and civil engineers. While acknowledging the existence of comprehensive skyscraper design and function manuals, this ontology aims to offer initial insights during the design phase. Its potential educational utility extends beyond designers to include students. Within a classroom setting, educators can employ the ontology to provide students with a comprehensive overview of skyscrapers elements and their various facets, enabling a broader understanding of skyscraper structures and components.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n After reviewing “Technical features of the construction of high-rise buildings” and conducting online research, fundamental attributes relevant to skyscraper design were identified. These elements encompass functions, materials, and more. Extensive exploration of scientific literature was conducted for each specific element. The outcome of this process resulted in the formulation of a structured list detailing these elements.<\/p>\n The function of these skyscrapers has a direct effect on the design, use, size and the amount of investment. So, every function will have its own set of rules and regulations that it needs to full fill.<\/p>\n These components collectively form the skeleton and support system of a skyscraper. Each element is carefully designed and integrated to ensure the structural integrity, safety, and functionality of the building, allowing it to withstand the forces it encounters while accommodating the needs of its occupants.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n In my ontology, I’ve segmented skyscraper design into four main categories: substructure, superstructure, primary material, and function and usage. Each category is comprehensively detailed, encompassing various subparts. Following this, I’ve developed two distinct design options, involving five different components: Window area, Window Glazing, Solar shading installation, and Natural ventilation. Each component offers two distinct values that contribute to shaping the design, rendering the ontology’s outcomes distinct and exclusive based on individual perspectives.<\/span><\/p>\n Subsequently, I directed my attention to the primary materials, devising two examples for each of the five subparts linked to those materials. Within each example, I <\/span>designated<\/span> two distinct variables, thereby offering designers a range of options to select from and enabling them to make informed decisions based on varied variables for <\/span>optimal<\/span> design choices.<\/span> Following that, I <\/span>established<\/span> the connections between each of these factors <\/span>I’ve<\/span> developed, ensuring a coherent and comprehensible framework for users to navigate and <\/span>comprehend<\/span>.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Figure 2:\u00a0Final Ontological Model<\/em><\/p>\n My task within the Skyscrapers project involves <\/span>determining<\/span> the cost variance of a skyscraper when decreasing its width incrementally from bottom to top compared to <\/span>maintaining<\/span> a consistent width throughout. I aim to assess how these alterations affect the available spaces and <\/span>subsequently<\/span> impact<\/span> the profitability of the skyscraper over a 20-year period with residents. The <\/span>ultimate goal<\/span> is to <\/span>ascertain<\/span> whether adjusting the skyscraper’s size is financially beneficial or if <\/span>maintaining<\/span> a uniform width is more profitable <\/span>in the long run<\/span>.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n In this design challenge, I’ve focused on two specific parameters:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n 1)\u00a0<\/span>Facade\u00a0expenditure:<\/span><\/strong> The building’s exterior plays a crucial role in enhancing its architectural appeal and visual impact within urban landscapes. The cost associated with the facade holds significant importance in assessing the overall expense of the architectural masterpiece.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n 2) <\/span><\/strong>Revenue generated from residential occupancy:<\/span><\/b> Altering the width of the skyscraper directly affects the residential space available, subsequently influencing the potential income generated. This factor serves as a pertinent consideration in determining the overall cost implications of the entire building.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Using parametric modeling in Dynamo, I’ve created a skyscraper that allows for flexible adjustments in its width at five distinct points. This setup enables easy experimentation with various design alternatives by providing the freedom to alter the building’s width at these specific locations.<\/span><\/p>\n The facade has been specifically tailored to correspond with both the width and height of the building. Consequently, any modifications made to the building’s width or height will be reflected in the facade, allowing it to adjust seamlessly in tandem with these changes.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Figure 3:\u00a0Modeling Process<\/em><\/p>\n I’ve<\/span> developed an alternate design where the width of the building gradually diminishes as it ascends in height. To <\/span>facilitate<\/span> a more straightforward and meaningful comparison between the two designs, <\/span>I’ve<\/span> maintained<\/span> uniformity in the height and width of the ground floor across both alternatives.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>To compare the two alternatives, <\/span>I’ve<\/span> assessed their size, facade area, and volume. Then, by factoring in the cost associated with the facade and calculating the residential <\/span>capacity<\/span> of the skyscraper, <\/span>I’ve<\/span> determined<\/span> the potential income generated from the occupants. This process allows for a comprehensive evaluation of the total cost of each alternative, enabling a comparative analysis between them.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Below is a comparison between the two alternatives used in the project. While the base shape <\/span>maintains<\/span> a consistent width throughout its height, alternative number one features a decreasing radius, transitioning from 20 meters to 8 meters, while the skyscraper’s overall height <\/span>remains<\/span> constant. Utilizing data\u00a0obtained from Dynamo, I\u00a0<\/span>acquired<\/span> information <\/span>regarding<\/span> the area and volume of each skyscraper, <\/span>facilitating<\/span> the calculation of facade costs and residential income. As previously explained, the <\/span>methodology<\/span> for <\/span>determining<\/span> the number of residents and estimating the average rental cost was employed to <\/span>ascertain<\/span> the total income generated by the skyscraper. <\/span>Ultimately, I<\/span> calculated the income, costs, and resulting profit over a 20-year\u00a0lifespan. This comprehensive analysis aims to assist<\/span> designers and the owner in making an informed decision <\/span>regarding<\/span> which design better aligns with their preferences and goals.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n Given <\/span>additional<\/span> time and access to more comprehensive data, it becomes <\/span>feasible<\/span> to refine the skyscraper design further by incorporating <\/span>additional<\/span> details. This approach allows for a more precise and realistic outcome, enhancing the understanding of the overall process involved.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nPurpose and Scope<\/h3>\n
Skyscrapers classifications<\/h3>\n
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\u00a0Parametric Model<\/strong><\/h2>\n
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Design<\/span> challenge and high-performance criteria<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n
Design parameters<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n
Model design<\/span><\/h3>\n
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